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Understanding Getters and Setters in Python What are Getters and Setters in Python? In Python, getters and setters are methods that allow you to access and modify the values of private variables (usually prefixed with an underscore, like _variable ). They provide control over how attributes of an object are accessed and updated. Definitions: Getter: A method used to access the value of a private variable. Setter: A method used to update (or set) the value of a private variable. Getters and setters are useful to: Control access to private data. Validate data when setting a value. Include extra logic when getting or setting a value. Example without Getter/Setter: Consider the following example where we directly access a private variable: class Student: def __init__(self, name): self._name = name # Private variab...

Strings in Python: Methods, Operations, and Reversing Strings in Python: Methods, Operations, and Reversing In this article, we will learn about strings in Python, including how to create them, perform operations, use built-in methods, and reverse a string. Let’s dive in! 1. What is a String in Python? A string in Python is a sequence of characters enclosed in quotes ( ' ' or " " ). Strings can contain letters, numbers, spaces, and special characters. 2. Creating Strings You can create strings by using either single or double quotes: str1 = 'Hello' str2 = "World" str3 = '''This is a multi-line string''' 3. Common String Operations You can perform several operations on strings, such as concatenation, repetition, and slicing: Concatenation: Joining two strings using the + operator. ...

Understanding Lists, Tuples, Dictionaries, and Sets in Python 1. Lists A list is a collection of items that are ordered and changeable. Lists allow duplicate members. my_list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] print(my_list) # Output: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] my_list.append(6) # Adding an element print(my_list) # Output: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6] Properties of Lists: Ordered: Items have a defined order. Mutable: Items can be changed. Allows duplicates: Multiple items can have the same value. 2. Tuples A tuple is similar to a list, but it is immutable. Once a tuple is created, you cannot change its values. my_tuple = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) print(my_tuple) # Output: (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) # my_tuple[0] = 10 # This will raise a TypeError Properties of Tuples: Ordered: Items have a defined order. Immutable: Items cannot be changed. Allows duplicates: Multiple items can have the same value. ...

Object-Oriented Programming in Python 1. Classes and Objects A class is like a blueprint for creating objects. An object is an instance of a class. In OOP, classes define the structure (attributes) and behavior (methods) of objects. class Car: def __init__(self, brand, model): self.brand = brand # attribute self.model = model # attribute def display_info(self): # method print(f"Car Brand: {self.brand}, Model: {self.model}") # Creating an object of the class Car my_car = Car("Toyota", "Corolla") my_car.display_info() # Output: Car Brand: Toyota, Model: Corolla 2. Scope Resolution In Python, the scope resolution operator ( :: in some languages) is replaced by dot notation ( . ). It is used to refer to a specific method or attribute in a class. class Student: school = "ABC School" # Class variable def __init__(self, name): self.name ...

Understanding Exception Handling in Python What is Exception Handling in Python? Exception handling in Python is a way to manage errors that may occur while your program is running. Instead of crashing when an error happens, you can catch the error and decide how to handle it, making your program more robust. Why Use Exception Handling? When your program encounters something unexpected (like dividing by zero or accessing a file that doesn't exist), Python raises an exception (an error). If you don't handle the exception, your program will crash. Exception handling helps manage these situations so the program can continue running or fail gracefully. Key Keywords: try : Block where you write code that might cause an error. except : Block where you handle the error. finally : Block of code that always runs, whether there’s an error or...

Python Decorators - Easy Explanation with Example What are Python Decorators? In simple terms, Python decorators allow you to modify or enhance the behavior of functions or methods without directly changing their code. They act like wrappers that provide extra functionality around your original function. Example: Say Hello Function Let's take a simple function that says hello: def say_hello(): print("Hello!") Now, imagine you want to add something extra, like printing "Start" before saying hello and "End" after, without modifying the original say_hello function. This is where decorators come in. Creating a Decorator Here's how you can create a simple decorator: def my_decorator(func): def wrapper(): print("Start") func() # Calls the original say_hello function ...